Emissies naar lucht uit de landbouwberekend met NEMA voor 1990-2022

Samenvatting

Agricultural activities in the Netherlands are a major source of gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), carbon dioxide (CO2) from lime fertilisers and urea, and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). Emissions were calculated using the National Emission Model for Agriculture (NEMA). In 2022, NH3 emissions from livestock manure, fertiliser, other agricultural sources and hobby farms, the use of livestock manure and fertiliser by households, and from manure application in natural areas totalled 110.3 million kg NH3. This is 2.0 million kg less than in 2021. A small proportion, 0.3 million kg in 2022, is emitted during manure fermentation. These emissions are reported in the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) under 'waste disposal'. Livestock nitrogen excretion decreased by 3.9 million kg in 2022 from the 2021 level. The proportion of agricultural NH3 emissions from livestock farming in 2022 was 86%, with the remaining 14% from arable farming. N2O emissions decreased by 0.3 million kg to 18.1 million kg in 2022. Three-quarters of agricultural N2O emissions came from livestock farming. NO emissions decreased by 0.5 million kg to 21.1 million kg. CH4 emissions increased from 468 to 471 million kg. More than 99%of CH4 emissions were from livestock. A small proportion of this, 1.6 million kg in 2022, is emitted during manure fermentation and is reported in the PRTR under 'waste disposal'. NMVOC emissions remained at 87.2 million kg. Particulate matter PM10 emissions decreased from 5.5 million kg in 2021 to 5.4 million kg in 2022, while PM2.5 emissions remained at 0.5 million kg. CO2 emissions from lime fertiliser and urea increased from 87.9 to 89.2 million kg.Using new data, new figures were calculated for a number of years in the time series. Since 1990, NH3 emissions from livestock manure have fallen by two-thirds, mainly due to lower nitrogen excretion and low-emission manure application. Emissions of N2O and NO also fell over the same period, but less sharply, at 44% and 36% respectively. Manure injection led to an increase in these emissions compared to surface spreading, while the shift from grazing to housing led to a reduction in these emissions. Emissions of CH4 decreased by 20% due to a decrease in livestock numbers and higher feed efficiencies of dairy cattle. PM10 emissions increased by 3% over the same period, due to the switch in laying poultry from wet to solid manure housing systems.